Pullet is a young female less than 1 year old (in other words, hatched this year). Hen is a female more than 1 year old (hatched last year).

Cockerel is a male chicken less than 1 year old. Rooster is a male chicken more than 1 year old.

Capon is a castrated male chicken.

The majour external parasites of Poultry are: Lice and mites.

Find more about The Most Common Chicken Diseases and 11 High Risk Points To Watch When Raising Chickens: Risks and Precautions.

Hen can lay up to 365, one a day.

The most common feed ingredients in poultry diets in US are Corn and soybean meal.

Check also All What you need to know to Chicken Feeders : The Top Chicken Feeder.

The most commercial egg production chicken breed is White Leghorn.

It is important to measure flexibility of publue bones is on order to see if they will open enough for an egg to pass

Sometimes, you have to remove and place chicken in cages to prevent possible wing and feather damage; to maintain control of them

Water is unique, besides oxygen, nutrient that poultry should have free access all the times especially when the weather is hot.

Find here the Top 5 Water Canister for Chicken Raising – The best Chicken Waterers

The Rohode Island Red, Barred Rock and Buff Orpington have the Brown Egg.

Araucana and Ameraucana Chicken Breeds lay blue-green eggs.

The perfect incubation Chicken Eggs is 99’F

Alert, active, clear eyes; good manure consistency; no externalparasites are the basic signs of good health for Chicken.

The most common nutritional defiency disease of Chicken are:

• Rickets: a lack of calcium,
• phosphorus,
• or vitamin D in the diet

Adult males have beards and longer snoods and are generally larger than females

The crop is an enlargement of the esophagus. It is located on the neck just above the junction with the body cavity.

It holds the food the bird eats and slowly releases it to the rest of the digestive tract.

Usually 1 for each 5 hens

They are spread evenly under the brooder light, not all bunched up under the heat source or all far away from it.

If the chicks are all to one side or another, they are feeling a draft of cold air.

About 95’F for the first week, dropping by 5′ per week until reaching ambient temperature.

Light. Maintain 16 hours of light per day year-round.

Size of the abdomen and ability to hold a forming egg.

Flocks in unsanitary conditions are prone to diseases and stress. Also, eggs can become contaminated.

Foxes, skunks, dogs, raccoons, coyotes, hawks, and owls

American Poultry Association and American Bantam Association

The color of the earlobe is directly related to the color of the egg shell.
For example, a hen with white earlobes will lay eggs with white shells.

It is the urogenital opening of the bird, the external portion of the cloaca. All poultry have one. It is the common opening through which the egg, uric acid, and feces all exit.

Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red, Orpington, Marans, Australorp, Wyandotte, Red Sex Link, and Black Sex Link

Calcium is needed for producing the egg shell and for developing and maintaining a strong skeletal system.

Before you introduce new birds to your home flock, check them for disease and parasites.

Next quarantine them for 3 weeks, and continue to check them for any symptoms. Always take care of the quarantined birds last.

If you have to go back to your home flock after caring for the new birds, first change your outerwear, change your footwear, and wash your hands thoroughly with soap.

Males have long, sharp hackle feathers; saddle feathers; and sickle feathers on the tail.

Females have short, blunt hackle feathers; no saddle feathers; and no sickle feathers on the tail.

Males have a larger comb, larger wattles, larger earlobes, different coloring, and spurs on their legs.

Check around the vent, under the wings, and on the skin under the feathers by the preen gland.

Check feather shafts for louse eggs and nits. Look for louse eggs clinging to the feathers under the wattles and the neck area.

Protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamins, water, and oxygen

Feeding wheat or any other grain as a sole ration does not provide a balanced diet for good health and egg production

The size of the body across the pelvic bones indicates the amount of room available for eggs and vital organs.

To check for deformities, disease, and parasites

When they molt, chickens lose their feathers, stop reproducing, and go through a renewal for another reproduction cycle.

Yes. They have an egg tooth at hatch to help break through the shell. This tooth is different from mammalian teeth as it is not composed of enamel.

Read our guides about Hatching Eggs : The 5 Most Important Hints & Tips To Follow and The Top 5 Incubators for Hatching Chicken Eggs.

A dual-purpose chicken can be used for both meat and egg production.
Examples are Rhode Island Reds and Plymouth Rocks.

Read more about The chicken breeds by purposes on The Guide for Choosing The Chicken Breed Based on your Goals

Heat, humidity, and turning

Read our guides about Hatching Eggs : The 5 Most Important Hints & Tips To Follow and The Top 5 Incubators for Hatching Chicken Eggs.

10: head, neck, shoulder, wings, breast, back, abdomen, rump, thigh, and legs

Small feathers on the wing that fill in the spaces between larger feathers.

Sex differentiation, identification, and thermoregulation

Width between pelvic bones equals the width of three human fingers; the vent is large, soft, and moist rather than small and dry; the comb is larger and redder

Crude protein concentrations: starter 18 to 19%, grower 14 to 15%, and layer 16 to 17%

Broilers are young meat birds, usually processed at 6 to 8 weeks of age. Roasters are usually 10 to 14 weeks of age.
Capons are castrated meat birds grown to about 18 to 20 weeks of age.

An infection in the foot pad of poultry, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus in the manure.

The gizzard, also known as the ventriculus, is part of the chicken’s digestive system.

It is just behind the proventriculus, the true stomach, and it is where food is ground up to aid in digestion and absorption.

Silver Sebright, Golden Sebright, Japanese Bantam, others

Damage to feathers, stress because of blood loss and irritation that can then lead to vulnerability to disease and death from cold, excessive pecking, infection, and a decrease in laying production

Red more about Cold and Hot on Chicken on Chickens Precautions During Winter And Summer

The preen gland produces an oily substance the bird wipes onto its feathers with its beak, called ”preening” .

In ducks and waterfowl preening helps to waterproof their feathers.

It refers to the loss of skin color in laying hens, particularly in Leghorns and other yellow-skinned breeds.

The yellow pigment in the skin, xanthophyll, fades to white as the pigment is used to color the yolk.

Bleaching occurs in this order: vent, eye ring and earlobes, beak, bottom of feet, front of shanks, back of shanks, tops of toes, hock joints.

When birds stop laying eggs, they will replace the skin pigment in reverse order.

Xanthophyll in the corn and grass they eat

• The incubation period for Chicken is 21.
• For Turkeys, the Incuation period is 28, the same as Ducks 28.
• For Geese, the incubation period is up to 32.

To keep the embryo from sticking to the membranes and becoming malformed

To remove any bacteria, virus, or mold organisms that might infect the eggs.

Read more about Biosecurity for Chicken Raising and 11 High Risk Points To Watch When Raising Chickens: Risks and Precautions.

Three: upper, lower, and the nictitating membrane, which moves from the front to the rear of the eye and is clear. Eyelids are for keeping foreign substances from entering the eye.

10 primary and 14 to 18 secondary

One on each wing, between the primary and secondary flight feathers

Through the egg, either by organisms from the hen’s ovary or from manure in the nest box that contaminates the shell Small flock owners should be particularly aware of.

Find more about All About Backyard Chickens Salmonella: Infections & Precautions.

Avian influenza and exotic Newcastle disease

Find more about The Most Common Chicken Diseases and 11 High Risk Points To Watch When Raising Chickens: Risks and Precautions.

Diarrhea can lead to dehydration and possibly to death. One needs to rehydrate the bird by providing electrolytes and water and then determine why the bird had diarrhea in the first place and treat that cause.

A high load of worms, coccidiosis, or bacterial infection of the gut can often lead to diarrhea. A flock with diarrhea can also cause bad litter conditions’ excess moisture and ammonia production leading to foot and leg problems.

Find more about The Most Common Chicken Diseases.

When breeding, the male stands on the back of the female and holds onto the feathers on the back of the head with his beak, causing feather loss.

The medication is amprolium. It helps the bird build immunity to coccidiosis, a protozoal disease of the digestive tract of
birds.

There are nine different types of coccidiosis, so medicated feed is a good preventative measure.

About 1.5 to 2 square feet for standards and 0.75 to 1.5 square feet for bantams

Read more about Chickens Precautions During Winter And Summer

Biosecurity means preventing infectious or disease-causing organisms and other pests like insects, rodents, etc., from coming in contact with your birds. It means keeping human traffic to a minimum, not allowing your birds to have contact with any sick birds, and not visiting infected flocks.

Biosecurity also means keeping disease in. Be a good neighbor and don’t visit other people’s flocks without changing your clothes and footwear and thoroughly washing your hands.

Read more about Biosecurity on our Biosecurity’s beginner Guide.